GDP Calculator
Calculate Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using the expenditure approach: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
How It's Calculated
Formula
GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)This calculator computes Gross Domestic Product (GDP) using the expenditure approach, the standard method of summing all spending on final goods and services within an economy over a period. GDP equals consumption (C) plus investment (I) plus government spending (G) plus net exports, where net exports is exports (X) minus imports (M). All monetary inputs must be in one consistent currency and one consistent time period (e.g., all annual figures in the same currency); this calculator does not perform currency conversion. Results are computed with decimal.js to avoid floating-point rounding error in the monetary total.
Worked Examples
C=1000, I=250, G=300, X=200, M=150
- Net exports: X - M = 200 - 150 = 50.
- GDP = C + I + G + (X - M) = 1000 + 250 + 300 + 50 = 1600.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the expenditure approach to GDP?
The expenditure approach measures GDP by summing all spending on final goods and services: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports (exports minus imports). It is one of the three standard approaches to calculating GDP (the others being income and output/value-added).
Does this calculator handle multiple currencies?
No. All five inputs must already be in the same currency and the same time period. This calculator does not perform currency conversion.
What if imports exceed exports?
Net exports (X - M) becomes negative, which reduces GDP. This is a normal and common situation for economies that import more than they export.
Does this calculator report GDP growth rate or per-capita GDP?
No. This is a single-period expenditure-approach total only. Growth rate and per-capita calculations are out of scope for this tool.