Math Calculators
Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, statistics, and number systems for school or work — browse by topic or search below.
46 calculators in this category
Showing all 46 calculators
Percentages, Fractions & Ratios
Everyday proportional math: percentages, fractions, ratios, averages, and rounding.
- Percentage CalculatorCalculate what X% of Y is, what percent X is of Y, or the percentage change between two values. Three modes in one calculator, with clear step-by-step explanations.
- Percent Error CalculatorCalculate percent error between an experimental (observed) value and a theoretical (accepted) value, with the absolute error and clear percent error vs percent change guidance.
- Fraction CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide two fractions using exact integer arithmetic. Enter each fraction's numerator and denominator to get the simplified result, its decimal equivalent, and a mixed number.
- Ratio CalculatorSimplify a ratio A:B to lowest terms and find the decimal quotient A / B. Supports whole numbers and decimals, with clear sign handling.
- Average CalculatorCalculate the arithmetic mean (average), sum, and count of any list of numbers, with step-by-step results.
- Rounding CalculatorRound any decimal value to a chosen precision, from thousandths to thousands, with the mathematical floor and ceiling shown alongside the rounded result.
- Long Division CalculatorDivide one whole number by another and see the quotient, remainder, and arithmetic check, the way traditional long division works.
Algebra & Number Theory
Solve quadratics, work with powers, roots, and logs, and break numbers into factors.
- Quadratic Formula CalculatorSolve ax²+bx+c=0 with the quadratic formula. Enter coefficients a, b, and c to get the discriminant, root type, and both roots — real or complex.
- Exponent CalculatorCalculate base raised to an exponent (base^exponent), including negative and fractional exponents, with clear domain rules for zero and negative bases.
- Root CalculatorCalculate the nth root of any number, including square roots, cube roots, and negative or reciprocal root indices, with clear rules for negative radicands.
- Log CalculatorCalculate the logarithm of a number in any base, along with its natural log (ln) and common log (base 10).
- Half-Life CalculatorCalculate how much of a substance remains after a given time using exponential decay, plus the decay constant and elapsed half-lives.
- Factor CalculatorList every positive and negative factor of a whole number, along with its prime or composite classification.
- Prime Factorization CalculatorFind the prime factorization of a positive integer, shown as a flat factor list and in exponent form (e.g. 360 = 2^3 x 3^2 x 5).
- Common Factor CalculatorFind the greatest common factor (GCF/GCD) of two positive integers and list every factor they share.
- LCM CalculatorFind the least common multiple (LCM) of two positive integers, with the greatest common divisor shown along the way.
- Number Sequence CalculatorIdentify whether a sequence of numbers is arithmetic or geometric, find its common difference or ratio, and predict the next terms.
- Matrix CalculatorAdd, scalar-multiply, multiply, or find the determinant of matrices up to 4x4, with step-by-step validated results.
Geometry
Find lengths, angles, areas, volumes, and surface areas of common shapes.
- Triangle CalculatorCalculate a triangle's validity, perimeter, semiperimeter, area (via Heron's formula), and side classification (equilateral, isosceles, or scalene) from its three side lengths.
- Right Triangle CalculatorSolve a right triangle from any two known values — two legs, a leg and the hypotenuse, or a side and an acute angle — for missing sides, angles, and trig ratios.
- Pythagorean Theorem CalculatorSolve for a missing side of a right triangle — the hypotenuse or either leg — using the Pythagorean theorem, given the other two known sides.
- Circle CalculatorCalculate a circle's diameter, circumference, and area from its radius. Enter a radius to get all three measurements instantly, computed with Math.PI.
- Rectangle CalculatorCalculate a rectangle's area, perimeter, and diagonal length. Enter length and width to get all three measurements instantly, with exact decimal precision.
- Square CalculatorCalculate the area, perimeter, and diagonal of a square from its side length. Enter one value to get all three measurements instantly.
- Trapezoid CalculatorCalculate the area and midsegment (median) of a trapezoid from its two base lengths and height. Enter base A, base B, and height to get instant, precise results.
- Distance CalculatorCalculate the straight-line distance between two points on a 2D plane using the Pythagorean theorem. Enter the x and y coordinates of both points to get the exact distance.
- Slope CalculatorCalculate the slope of a line through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) using slope = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1). Handles vertical lines with an explicit undefined-slope result.
- Volume CalculatorCalculate the volume of a cube, rectangular prism, cylinder, or sphere from its dimensions, with the exact formula used shown alongside the result.
- Surface Area CalculatorCalculate the total surface area of a cube, rectangular prism, cylinder, or sphere from its dimensions, with the exact formula used shown alongside the result.
Statistics & Probability
Describe data, test hypotheses, size samples, and calculate odds.
- Standard Deviation CalculatorCalculate the population or sample standard deviation, variance, and mean of any dataset, with step-by-step results.
- Mean, Median, Mode CalculatorCalculate the mean, median, mode, and count of any dataset, with clear handling of ties and no-mode cases.
- Variance CalculatorCalculate the population or sample variance, mean, and standard deviation of any dataset, with step-by-step results.
- Z-Score CalculatorCalculate a z-score with the formula z = (x − μ) / σ. Enter a value, the distribution mean, and standard deviation to find how many standard deviations that value is from the mean.
- Statistics CalculatorCalculate mean, median, mode, quartiles, IQR, and skewness for any dataset in one all-in-one descriptive statistics summary.
- Confidence Interval CalculatorCalculate a z-based confidence interval for a population mean from a sample mean, standard deviation, sample size, and confidence level.
- Sample Size CalculatorCalculate the minimum sample size needed for a survey or study using Cochran's formula, with an optional finite population correction.
- P-value CalculatorCalculate the exact p-value for a Z, t, Chi-Square, or F test statistic and check statistical significance at alpha = 0.05.
- Probability CalculatorCalculate the probability of a single event from favorable and total outcome counts. Get the probability as a decimal, as a percentage, and as odds in favor.
- Combination & Permutation CalculatorCalculate combinations (nCr) or permutations (nPr) exactly. Enter n and r to find how many ways to choose or arrange items, with the exact result and formula used — no floating-point overflow, even for large values.
- Random Number GeneratorGenerate one or more cryptographically secure random integers within a minimum/maximum range, with or without duplicates.
Number Systems & Notation
Convert between binary and hexadecimal and work in scientific notation.
- Binary CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide binary numbers, or apply AND/OR/XOR, with results in binary, decimal, and hexadecimal.
- Hex CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide hexadecimal numbers, with results shown in hex, decimal, and binary.
- Scientific Notation CalculatorConvert any decimal number to scientific notation, or convert scientific notation back to an ordinary decimal number.
General-Purpose Calculators
Full-featured calculators for arithmetic, scientific functions, and very large numbers.
- Basic CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide two numbers with this simple four-operation calculator.
- Scientific CalculatorEvaluate complex scientific math expressions with trigonometric functions, logarithms, exponents, constants (π, e), and degree/radian angle modes.
- Big Number CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide arbitrarily large whole numbers exactly, with no precision loss beyond JavaScript's normal number limits.
Guides for this category
Plain-English explanations of the formulas behind these calculators.